Kashf Al-Mufradaat · Level A1 · Lesson 2 · Study Book pp. 10–16 · Student Test pp. 11–18

التَّعَارُفُ
Getting to Know One Another

The complete material of book lesson 2: the dialogue, the vocabulary, the first verbs (فَعَلَ, دَرَسَ), the possessive endings on بَيْتٌ, and everything the teacher's test adds (كِتَابٌ with its endings, هَذَا, هَلْ, a few adjectives).

Explanations in English, Arabic always fully vocalised Quiz: possessive endings

The dialogue
Vocabulary
Expressions in the dialogue
Grammar I — the first verbs
Grammar II — the possessive endings
Grammar III — sentences with possessives
What the teacher tests
Role-play script

Why this lesson matters for your goal

The possessive endings of section 5 are among the most frequent things in the whole Quran: رَبُّكَ, رَبُّنَا, رَبُّهُمْ, كِتَابُهُ — the same twelve endings, on every noun. You already met one in lesson 1 without noticing: وَبَرَكَاتُـهُ, “and His blessings”. And the verb table of section 4 is the skeleton on which every verb in the book — and in the Hadith — will hang.

1 · The dialogue (p. 10)

Read each line aloud with every ḥaraka before you click it. Two people who do not know each other: greeting, name, country, what are you doing here. The second dialogue is the same conversation between two women.

Hamza meets Anas · click a line to reveal its meaning ·

حَمْزَةُ
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ حَالُكَ؟
Peace be upon you and Allah's mercy. How are you?
أَنَسٌ
وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، أَنَا بِخَيْرٍ، شُكْرًا. مَا اسْمُكَ؟
And upon you be peace, Allah's mercy and His blessings. I am fine, thank you. What is your name?
حَمْزَةُ
اِسْمِي حَمْزَةُ. وَأَنْتَ؟
My name is Hamza. And you?
أَنَسٌ
أَنَا أَنَسٌ. مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ، يَا حَمْزَةُ؟
I am Anas. Where are you from, Hamza?
حَمْزَةُ
أَنَا مِنْ أَسْبَانِيَا. وَأَنْتَ؟
I am from Spain. And you?
أَنَسٌ
أَنَا مِنْ بِرِيطَانِيَا. مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟
I am from Britain. What are you doing here?
حَمْزَةُ
أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ. إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، أَنَسٌ.
I study at the university. Until next time, Anas.
أَنَسٌ
إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، حَمْزَةُ.
Until next time, Hamza.

Asma meets Aliya · the same conversation between two women — every ـكَ becomes ـكِ, and the verb changes its ending too

أَسْمَاءُ
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ حَالُكِ؟
Peace be upon you and Allah's mercy. How are you?
عَالِيَةُ
وَعَلَيْكِ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، أَنَا بِخَيْرٍ، شُكْرًا. مَا اسْمُكِ؟
And upon you be peace, Allah's mercy and His blessings. I am fine, thank you. What is your name?
أَسْمَاءُ
اِسْمِي أَسْمَاءُ. وَأَنْتِ؟
My name is Asma. And you?
عَالِيَةُ
أَنَا عَالِيَةُ. مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ، أَسْمَاءُ؟
I am Aliya. Where are you from, Asma?
أَسْمَاءُ
أَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِيكَا. وَأَنْتِ؟
I am from America. And you?
عَالِيَةُ
أَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِيكَا أَيْضًا. مَاذَا تَفْعَلِينَ هُنَا؟
I am from America too. What are you doing here?
أَسْمَاءُ
أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ. إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، عَالِيَةُ.
I study at the university. Until next time, Aliya.
عَالِيَةُ
إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، أَسْمَاءُ.
Until next time, Asma.

One person greeting one person. Lesson 1 greeted with عَلَيْكُمْ. Here the book greets a single person and the greeting itself takes the ـكَ / ـكِ ending: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ to a man, عَلَيْكِ to a woman. Both are correct; عَلَيْكُمْ works for anyone.

Kasra after فِي and بِـ. Look at the ends: بِخَيْرٍ, فِي الجَامِعَةِ, and in lesson 1 فِي مَسْجِدِنَا, فِي بَيْتِنَا. After these little words the noun ends in kasra, not ḍamma. Read it that way now; the book explains the rule later.

2 · Vocabulary المُفْرَدُ / الجَمْعُ (p. 11)

Meaning	الجَمْعُ	المُفْرَدُ
what (before a noun: مَا اسْمُكَ؟)	—	مَا
name (Turkish isim)	أَسْمَاءٌ	اِسْمٌ
where	—	أَيْنَ
Spain	—	أَسْبَانِيَا
Britain	—	بِرِيطَانِيَا
what (before a verb: مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ؟)	—	مَاذَا
here	—	هُنَا
university (same root as cami: the place that gathers)	جَامِعَاتٌ	جَامِعَةٌ
America	—	أَمْرِيكَا

مَا or مَاذَا? The book glosses both as “what”. In the dialogue مَا stands before a noun (مَا اسْمُكَ — what [is] your name) and مَاذَا before a verb (مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ — what do you do). Keep that split; it holds throughout the book.

Also in the dialogue: مِنْ = from (مِنْ أَيْنَ = from where; أَنَا مِنْ أَسْبَانِيَا). The name أَسْمَاءُ (Asma) is spelled like the plural of اِسْمٌ — “names”.

3 · Expressions in the dialogue

The expression table on p. 15 is empty in this lesson; the book expects you to take these straight from the dialogue.

Meaning	To whom	Expression
What is your name?	m / f	مَا اسْمُكَ؟ / مَا اسْمُكِ؟
My name is …	—	اِسْمِي …
And you?	m / f	وَأَنْتَ؟ / وَأَنْتِ؟
Where are you from?	m / f	مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ / مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ؟
I am from …	—	أَنَا مِنْ …
What are you doing here?	m / f	مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟ / مَاذَا تَفْعَلِينَ هُنَا؟
I study at the university	—	أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ
Until next time, [name]	—	إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، حَمْزَةُ

4 · Grammar I — the first verbs (pp. 13–14)

The verb table has five columns. Four of them are filled in this lesson; the narrow الحَرْفُ column stays empty for now.

Meaning	المَصْدَرُ	الأَمْرُ	المُضَارِعُ	المَاضِي
to do	فِعْلٌ	اِفْعَلْ	يَفْعَلُ	فَعَلَ
to study	دَرْسٌ \| دِرَاسَةٌ	اُدْرُسْ	يَدْرُسُ	دَرَسَ

Column	What it is	With دَرَسَ
المَاضِي	the past — “he did”. This is the form the book lists a verb under, the way a dictionary would.	دَرَسَ
المُضَارِعُ	the present — “he does / is doing”	يَدْرُسُ
الأَمْرُ	the command — “do!” (to one man)	اُدْرُسْ
المَصْدَرُ	the verbal noun — “doing, the act of …”. A noun: it takes tanwīn and can carry الْ.	دَرْسٌ / دِرَاسَةٌ

Why فَعَلَ comes first. “To do” is a real verb, but the book also uses it as the pattern: its three letters ف ع ل stand for the three root letters of any verb. Put د ر س into the same slots and you get دَرَسَ، يَدْرُسُ، اُدْرُسْ. Every verb table from now on will follow this row.

Turkish already knows these words. ders is دَرْسٌ, fiil is فِعْلٌ, isim is اِسْمٌ, cami shares its root with جَامِعَةٌ. The ḥarakāt are new; the words are not.

The present tense changes with the person

The table gives the “he” form. In the dialogue three other forms appear, and they differ from يَدْرُسُ / يَفْعَلُ only at the beginning — and, for “you (f.)”, at the end:

Person	Prefix / ending	to do	to study	In the dialogue
I	أَـ	أَفْعَلُ	أَدْرُسُ	أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ
you m	تَـ	تَفْعَلُ	تَدْرُسُ	مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟
you f	تَـ … ـِينَ	تَفْعَلِينَ	تَدْرُسِينَ	مَاذَا تَفْعَلِينَ هُنَا؟
he	يَـ	يَفْعَلُ	يَدْرُسُ	(the table form)

Only these four forms occur in book lesson 2. The other persons (she, we, you-plural, they …) come in later lessons — do not guess them yet. Note the Turkish parallel for “you (f.)”: nothing. Turkish yapıyorsun is the same to a man and a woman; Arabic marks the listener's gender on the verb, as it did on ـكَ / ـكِ.

Sentences with أَنَا + verb

The teacher's checklist asks for “simple sentences using أَنَا + verbs (أَنَا أَدْرُسُ)”. The verb already contains “I” in its prefix, so the book's dialogue says simply أَدْرُسُ; adding أَنَا in front is allowed and gives emphasis (“I study …”), exactly like Turkish ben çalışıyorum next to çalışıyorum.

أَنَا أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ · أَنَا أَفْعَلُ · مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟ — أَدْرُسُ هُنَا

The participle table (p. 14) lists “to do” and “to study” but leaves اِسْمُ الفَاعِلِ and اِسْمُ المَفْعُولِ empty. Nothing to learn there yet; the columns are explained in the glossary.

5 · Grammar II — the possessive endings ضَمَائِرُ المِلْكِيَّةِ (p. 16)

Lesson 1 gave you ـي (my), ـكَ / ـكِ (your) and ـنَا (our). Here is the full set — one ending for each of the twelve pronouns, shown on بَيْتٌ. Compare with the Turkish column: Turkish has the same idea (ev-im, ev-in, ev-i) but only six endings, because it ignores gender and the dual.

Meaning	Turkish	Example	Ending	Pronoun
my house	evim	بَيْتِي	ـِي	أَنَا
our house	evimiz	بَيْتُنَا	ـنَا	نَحْنُ
your house one male	evin	بَيْتُكَ	ـكَ	أَنْتَ
your house one female	evin	بَيْتُكِ	ـكِ	أَنْتِ
your house (you two)	ikinizin evi	بَيْتُكُمَا	ـكُمَا	أَنْتُمَا
your house group of males	eviniz	بَيْتُكُمْ	ـكُمْ	أَنْتُمْ
your house group of females	eviniz	بَيْتُكُنَّ	ـكُنَّ	أَنْتُنَّ
his house	evi	بَيْتُهُ	ـهُ	هُوَ
her house	evi	بَيْتُهَا	ـهَا	هِيَ
their house (those two)	ikisinin evi	بَيْتُهُمَا	ـهُمَا	هُمَا
their house group of males	evleri	بَيْتُهُمْ	ـهُمْ	هُمْ
their house group of females	evleri	بَيْتُهُنَّ	ـهُنَّ	هُنَّ

Three things to see in that table

The tanwīn disappears. بَيْتٌ (a house) becomes بَيْتُـ + ending. A noun with an owner is definite — “my house”, not “a house” — and definite nouns never carry tanwīn (compare الْبَيْتُ, “the house”).
The joint vowel is ḍamma in every row but one: بَيْتُنَا، بَيْتُكَ، بَيْتُهُ …. The exception is “my”: بَيْتِي — the ـي pulls the vowel before it to kasra.
The endings are the pronouns, shortened. ـكُمَا ↔ أَنْتُمَا, ـكُمْ ↔ أَنْتُمْ, ـكُنَّ ↔ أَنْتُنَّ, ـهُمَا ↔ هُمَا, ـهُمْ ↔ هُمْ, ـهُنَّ ↔ هُنَّ. If you know the twelve pronouns of lesson 1, you know ten of these endings already.

You have been reading these all along. وَبَرَكَاتُهُ — His blessings. حَالُكَ — your state. اسْمُكِ — your name. اِسْمِي — my name. مَسْجِدِنَا — our mosque (kasra before ـنَا only because فِي stands in front; see the note in section 1).

6 · Grammar III — sentences with possessives

The teacher's test (pp. 12–15) builds short sentences out of three pieces you now have: a possessed noun (بَيْتُهُ, كِتَابِي …), the pattern “X [is] Y” from lesson 1, and a handful of new words that the test uses without introducing them:

Meaning	Used as	Word
book	noun, takes the same endings as بَيْتٌ	كِتَابٌ
this (m.)	هَذَا بَيْتِي — this [is] my house	هَذَا
question mark in words: “is …?”	هَلْ هَذَا بَيْتُهَا؟ — is this her house?	هَلْ
big	after the noun: بَيْتُهُ كَبِيرٌ	كَبِيرٌ
beautiful, nice	بَيْتُكُمْ جَمِيلٌ	جَمِيلٌ
new	كِتَابُهُ جَدِيدٌ	جَدِيدٌ
near (to)	قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ	قَرِيبٌ مِنْ
very	after the adjective: جَمِيلٌ جِدًّا	جِدًّا
now	نَحْنُ فِي بَيْتِنَا الآنَ	الآنَ
the city	فِي المَدِينَةِ	المَدِينَةُ

Two patterns, no “is”. Exactly as in lesson 1, Arabic drops “is”: هَذَا بَيْتِي = this [is] my house; بَيْتُهُ كَبِيرٌ = his house [is] big. The adjective comes after the noun and keeps its tanwīn, because “big” is not owned by anyone. Turkish: bu evim, evi büyük — the same word order.

مِنَ before الْ. Alone it is مِنْ. Before a word starting with الْ the test writes مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ — the sukūn becomes a fatḥa so the two words join. Same idea as عَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ in lesson 1.

The test's house sentences (pp. 12–13)

Meaning	Arabic (as printed in the test)
This is my house.	هَذَا بَيْتِي.
Where is your house? f	أَيْنَ بَيْتُكِ؟
His house is big.	بَيْتُهُ كَبِيرٌ.
We are in our house now.	نَحْنُ فِي بَيْتِنَا الآنَ.
Is this her house?	هَلْ هَذَا بَيْتُهَا؟
Your house is very beautiful. (plural)	بَيْتُكُمْ جَمِيلٌ جِدًّا.
Where is their house?	أَيْنَ بَيْتُهُمْ؟
Your house is near the university. (dual)	بَيْتُكُمَا قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ.
Their house is in the city. (f. plural)	بَيْتُهُنَّ فِي المَدِينَةِ.
This is their house. (dual)	هَذَا بَيْتُهُمَا.

The test's book sentences (pp. 14–15)

Meaning	Arabic (as printed in the test)
This is my book.	هَذَا كِتَابِي.
Where is your book? m	أَيْنَ كِتَابُكَ؟
Where is your book? f	أَيْنَ كِتَابُكِ؟
His book is new.	كِتَابُهُ جَدِيدٌ.
This is her book.	هَذَا كِتَابُهَا.
Our book is big.	كِتَابُنَا كَبِيرٌ.
This is your book. (dual)	هَذَا كِتَابُكُمَا.
Your book is new. (plural)	كِتَابُكُمْ جَدِيدٌ.
Their book is beautiful. m	كِتَابُهُمْ جَمِيلٌ.
Their book is big. f	كِتَابُهُنَّ كَبِيرٌ.

The English column on the facing test page does not always match the Arabic column word for word (it says “Her book is big” where the Arabic has هَذَا كِتَابُهَا, “Your house is in America” where the Arabic has قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الجَامِعَةِ, and so on). Translate whatever is in front of you; the endings are what is being tested. For “in America / in Spain” you would say بَيْتُكُمَا فِي أَمْرِيكَا, بَيْتُهُنَّ فِي أَسْبَانِيَا.

7 · What the teacher tests (Student Test pp. 11–18)

7.1 Read and translate (p. 11)

The book's dialogue, but now between a man and a woman — so the endings switch inside every exchange. Hamza speaks to Aliya with ـكِ, she answers him with ـكَ; she asks تَفْعَلُ because he is the one doing.

click a line to reveal its meaning ·

حَمْزَةُ
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ حَالُكِ؟
Peace be upon you (f.) and Allah's mercy. How are you (f.)?
عَالِيَةُ
وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، أَنَا بِخَيْرٍ، شُكْرًا. مَا اسْمُكَ؟
And upon you (m.) be peace, Allah's mercy and His blessings. I am fine, thank you. What is your (m.) name?
حَمْزَةُ
اِسْمِي حَمْزَةُ. وَأَنْتِ؟
My name is Hamza. And you (f.)?
عَالِيَةُ
أَنَا عَالِيَةُ. مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ، حَمْزَةُ؟
I am Aliya. Where are you (m.) from, Hamza?
حَمْزَةُ
أَنَا مِنْ أَسْبَانِيَا. وَأَنْتِ؟
I am from Spain. And you (f.)?
عَالِيَةُ
أَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِيكَا. مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟
I am from America. What are you (m.) doing here?
حَمْزَةُ
أَدْرُسُ فِي الجَامِعَةِ. إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، عَالِيَةُ.
I study at the university. Until next time, Aliya.
عَالِيَةُ
إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ، حَمْزَةُ.
Until next time, Hamza.

7.2 Translate the sentences (pp. 12–15)

Ten house sentences and ten book sentences, each way — the tables in section 6 are the complete list.

7.3 Attach the right ending to بَيْت (p. 16)

The twelve pronouns are given, أَنَا → بَيْتِي is filled in as the example, and you complete the other eleven. That is the table in section 5, third column, from memory.

7.4 Role-play (p. 17) and checklist (p. 18)

Can read fluently short paragraphs with ḥarakāt → section 1, 7.1
Good understanding of basic introductions → section 3
Ability to ask and respond to “Where are you from?” → مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ — أَنَا مِنْ …
Can use possessive pronouns correctly (بَيْتِي، بَيْتُكَ، بَيْتُهُ) → section 5
Uses genders accordingly in introductions and pronouns → أَنْتَ / أَنْتِ, ـكَ / ـكِ, تَفْعَلُ / تَفْعَلِينَ
Can form simple sentences using أَنَا + verbs (أَنَا أَدْرُسُ) → section 4
Can use the word أَيْنَ to ask “where” → أَيْنَ بَيْتُكَ؟ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ؟

8 · Role-play: introduce yourself (p. 17)

Lesson 1's script plus the three new exchanges. Prepare both versions (teacher as a man / as a woman); the coloured parts change.

السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ / عَلَيْكِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ حَالُكَ / حَالُكِ؟
(teacher answers, asks your name)
اِسْمِي سَرْدَار. وَأَنْتَ / وَأَنْتِ؟
(teacher: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟)
أَنَا مِنْ … . وَأَنْتَ / وَأَنْتِ؟
(teacher: مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ هُنَا؟)
أَنَا أَدْرُسُ … . إِلَى اللِّقَاءِ.

The book gives no Arabic for Germany or Turkey. The usual names are أَلْمَانِيَا and تُرْكِيَا — they are not from the book, so confirm them with your teacher before you rely on them. Likewise ask him what to say instead of فِي الجَامِعَةِ if you are not a university student.

Primary source

Study Book pp. 10, 11, 13, 16 hold the whole lesson (pp. 12, 14, 15 are empty or nearly empty tables). Student Test pp. 11–18 is exactly what the teacher will put in front of you; the extra words it uses (كِتَابٌ، هَذَا، هَلْ، كَبِيرٌ، جَمِيلٌ، جَدِيدٌ …) are collected in section 6.

Lesson 3 — The Family (Study Book pp. 17–25): هَذَا gets its full family of demonstratives (هَذِهِ، هَذَانِ، هَؤُلَاءِ، ذَلِكَ …) and several new verbs follow the فَعَلَ row.

Quiz: possessive endings — 26 questions on the twelve endings and the test sentences.

التَّعَارُفُGetting to Know One Another