Quiz · Lesson 2 (with words from lessons 1–4) · Study Book p. 16 · Student Test pp. 12–16
ضَمَائِرُ المِلْكِيَّةِ
Possessive endings
Twenty-six questions on the twelve endings: which ending belongs to which person, the vowel in front of it, the missing tanwīn, and the teacher's test sentences. One try per question; the explanation opens after you answer.
1 · Person → ending
1. his house
هُوَ → ـهُ. بَيْتُهَا is her house, بَيْتُهُمْ their house, بَيْتُكَ your house.
2. their house — those two
Two people → هُمَا → ـهُمَا. The ـمَا at the end is the dual sign; ـكُمَا would be “your (you two)”.
3. your house — speaking to a group of women
أَنْتُنَّ → ـكُنَّ. “You” endings start with ك, “they” endings with ه; the ـنَّ marks a group of women.
4. our house
نَحْنُ → ـنَا, as in مَسْجِدُنَا (lesson 1) and رَبُّنَا in the Quran.
5. Which ending belongs to أَنْتُمَا?
The ending is the pronoun, shortened: أَنْتُمَا ↔ ـكُمَا. ـهُمَا is “their (two)”.
6. Which ending belongs to هُنَّ?
هُنَّ → ـهُنَّ — here the ending is identical to the pronoun.
7. The ending ـكِ belongs to …
Kasra = one woman: أَنْتِ → ـكِ. Fatḥa = one man: أَنْتَ → ـكَ. هِيَ takes ـهَا.
2 · Ending → meaning
8. كِتَابُهُمْ
ـهُمْ = هُمْ “they (men)”. Test p. 15: كِتَابُهُمْ جَمِيلٌ — their book is beautiful.
9. كِتَابُكُمَا
ك = you, ـمَا = two. Test p. 14: هَذَا كِتَابُكُمَا — this is your book (you two).
10. اِسْمُهَا
ـهَا = هِيَ. “My name” is اِسْمِي, “his name” اِسْمُهُ.
11. بَيْتُكُنَّ
ك = you, ـنَّ = group of women. “Their house (women)” would be بَيْتُهُنَّ.
12. رَبُّهُمْ (Quran)
رَبُّ + ـهُمْ. The same twelve endings sit on every noun of the Quran: رَبُّكَ، رَبُّنَا، رَبُّهُمْ.
3 · The vowel before the ending, the missing tanwīn
13. my book
“My” is the one exception: the ـي pulls the vowel before it to kasra — كِتَابِي، بَيْتِي، اِسْمِي. Every other ending takes ḍamma in front.
14. your book m
Tanwīn goes, ḍamma stays: كِتَابٌ → كِتَابُكَ. No الْ either — the ending already makes the noun definite. كِتَابِكَ (kasra) only after فِي، مِنْ، بِـ …
15. Why does بَيْتٌ lose its tanwīn in بَيْتُهُ?
“His house” is a particular house, just like الْبَيْتُ “the house” — and neither has tanwīn.
16. my car (سَيَّارَةٌ)
Before any ending the ة opens into ت: سَيَّارَتِي (lesson 3: بِسَيَّارَتِي). سَيَّارَاتِي would be “my cars”.
17. أَيْنَ تَعْمَلُ ___؟ — Where does your mother work? asking a woman
Lesson 3 dialogue, word for word: أَيْنَ تَعْمَلُ وَالِدَتُكِ؟ — ة → ت, ḍamma, and ـكِ because a woman is asked.
18. نَحْنُ فِي ___ الآنَ — We are in our house now.
After فِي the noun ends in kasra, even with an ending: فِي بَيْتِنَا (test p. 12; lesson 1 فِي مَسْجِدِنَا).
4 · The teacher's test sentences (test pp. 12–15)
19. Where is your house? f
One woman addressed → ـكِ. بَيْتُهَا would be “her house” — someone you are talking about.
20. Your house is near the university. (dual)
“You two” → ـكُمَا. بَيْتُهُمَا is “their house (two)”.
21. Their book is big. f
They (women) → هُنَّ → ـهُنَّ. The adjective كَبِيرٌ keeps its tanwīn — nobody owns “big”.
22. Is this her house?
“Her” → ـهَا. The demonstrative follows the house, which is masculine → هَذَا, not هَذِهِ. The owner's gender only changes the ending.
23. Your house is very beautiful. (plural)
You (a group) → أَنْتُمْ → ـكُمْ, as in السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ.
5 · Endings in the texts you have read
24. وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ — the ـهُ at the end refers to …
بَرَكَاتُـهُ = His blessings. The last masculine noun before it is اللَّهِ.
25. هَلْ لَدَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ مُتَاحٌ؟ (lesson 4) — who is being asked?
لَدَى + ـكُمْ = “with you (all)”, i.e. do you have …? The same endings go on little words: لَدَيْنَا، عَلَيْكَ، مَعِي.
26. يُمْكِنُكَ زِيَارَتُهَا غَدًا (lesson 4) — what does ـهَا point to?
“You can visit it tomorrow.” ـهَا means “her” for a woman and “it” for a feminine thing. ـكَ on the verb is the man who can do it.